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A comparison of results yielded by the hybrid ELM-Bat model was conducted against those stemming from the standalone ELM, outlier-resistant extreme learning machine (ORELM), online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM), optimally pruned extreme learning machine (OPELM), and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) models. Following the training stage, wherein the models were calibrated, a validation stage using diverse statistical metrics such as RMSE, MAE, the correlation coeff