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To circumvent any assumption of linear correlation, a semiparametric Generalized Additive Model was implemented. Assessment of the relationship's shape relied on the effective degrees of freedom (EDF). Reported opioid use demonstrated a positive correlation with age, displaying a more linear relationship among individuals in the top income bracket (EDF 101, p0.0001) and those with higher education (EDF 203, p0.0001). Reported opioid use