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ion. This suggests an awareness among clinicians of potential gender-specific factors mediating pain problems, and the need for a gender-specific, multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of chronic pain.Purpose The upregulation of spinal NMDA receptor is a crucial mechanism in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH). Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that wnt3a inhibitor (iwp-2) could downregulate the expression of NR2B subunit in NMDA receptor, in order to relieve RIH. Materials and methods The study