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The primary outcome, opioid-sparing musculoskeletal management (osMMA), was characterized by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, either alone or with other pain relievers, excluding opioid combination therapies. No use of either agent in a combined preparation was classified as osMMA. The use of optimal opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia (OosMMA), a secondary outcome, involved the implementation of a local anesthetic technique, such as a truncal block or local infiltration, in addition to osMMA. To determine the in