https://bcl2signals.com/index.....php/neonates-since-f
Intraoperative intravenous and epidural esketamine, followed by postoperative epidural administration, replaces opioids, thereby minimizing mild chronic postoperative pain and related side effects in VATS patients. The substitution of esketamine for opioids, delivered intraoperatively via intravenous injection and epidural infusion, and postoperatively via epidural infusion, reduces the incidence of mild chronic postoperative pain and rela