https://compound991activator.c....om/wide-spread-appea
We refine the analysis of elastic stiffness maps to completely determine the local effective stiffness characteristic of incompressible materials. Radial stiffening is a prominent feature of stiffness maps for strain-stiffening materials, which are swollen, with a non-monotonic change in stiffness evident in the hoop direction. The design of hydrated actuators, soft composites, and metamaterials can be influenced by the sensitivity of stiffen